contents
Why It's Important to Quit

Mortality

Cardiovascular Disease

Lung Cancer

Other Cancers

Smoking and Bone Health

Smoking and Reproduction

Smoking and Pregnancy

How to Quit Smoking

The Steps to Smoking Cessation

Common Questions

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Other Cancers and Smoking

Smoking is a major cause of cancer of the oropharynx and bladder among women. Evidence is also strong that women who smoke have increased risk for cancer of the pancreas and kidney. For cancer of the larynx and esophagus, evidence that smoking increases the risk among women is more limited but consistent with large increases in risk.

Women who smoke may have a higher risk for liver cancer and colorectal cancer than women who do not smoke.

Smoking is consistently associated with an increased risk for cervical cancer. The extent to which this association is independent of human papillomavirus (tumor caused by virus) infection is uncertain.

Several studies suggest that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer; however, this association remains uncertain. More research is needed.

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